Feasibility of Geoscience to Determine the Location of Micro-hydro Power Potential for Rural Areas

Stevanus Nalendra Jati, Samuel R.O. Manik, Dewi Puspita Sari, Dendy Adanta

Abstract


The micro-hydro power plant (MHPP) is a viable solution to the electricity crisis in rural areas. However, the lack of application is due to the constraints of the location review, which is expensive and time-consuming. To increase the efficiency of its application, it is necessary to ascertain the methods of reducing the costs and times. The feasibility of an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) based on the geographical information systems (GIS) to determine the ideal location of micro-hydro power was proposed. Based on the geoscience approach, surface mapping (lithology) and GIS (morphology, morphometric, and topography) visualize case study areas accurately and precisely to accurately determine the ideal areas. The ideal area is one containing a good potential head and hard rock plain (granodiorite). The ideal area is to be determined through field observations. According to these observations, the potential head was 4 m, the discharge was 0.83 m3/s, and the field contained a plain type of granodiorite. The estimated hydropower of 32.15 kW (micro-scale), has the potential to supply electricity to 35 households with 50% efficiency and power of 0.45 kW/house. In consideration of energy losses and investment costs, the propeller turbines were proposed for this case. Thus, the AHP method based on GIS to determine the ideal locations of micro-hydro power in rural areas can be utilized.

Keywords


geographical information system; lithology; micro-hydro; morphometry; rural areas topography

Full Text:

PDF

References


The World Bank, 2019. Access to Electricity (% of Population). Geneva, Switzerland.

Adanta D., Budiarso, Warjito, and Siswantara A.I., 2018. Assessment of turbulence modeling for numerical simulations into pico hydro turbine. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 46: 21–31.

Ho-Yan B., 2012. Design of a low head pico hydro turbine for rural electrification in Cameroon. The University of Guelph.

Adhikari P., Budhathoki U., Timilsina S.R., Manandhar S., and Bajracharya T.R., 2014. A study on developing pico propeller turbine for low head micro hydropower plants in Nepal. Journal of the Institute of Engineering 9(1): 36–53.

Vicente S. and H. Bludszuweit, 2012. Flexible design of a pico-hydropower system for Laos communities. Renewable Energy 44: 406–413.

Pigaht M. and R.J. van der Plas, 2009. Innovative private micro-hydro power development in Rwanda. Energy Policy 37(11): 4753–4760.

Thomas B., 2011. Pico-hydropower franchising in rural Honduras. International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 6(1): 46–63.

Timilsina G.R., 2018. How would cross-border electricity trade stimulate hydropower development in South Asia? Washington, D.C.

Tang S., Chen J., Sun P., Li Y., Yu P., and Chen E., 2019. Current and future hydropower development in Southeast Asia Countries (Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Myanmar). Energy Policy 129: 239–249. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.02.036.

Guiamel I.A. and H.S. Lee, 2020. Potential hydropower estimation for the Mindanao river basin in the Philippines based on watershed modelling using the soil and water assessment tool. Energy Reports 6: 1010–1028. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.04.025.

International Hydropower Association, 2019. The 2019 Hydropower Status Report Offers Insights and Trends on the Hydropower Sector. London.

Syah A., 2017. Manual Pembangunan PLTMH - Tri Mumpuni. Jakarta: Japan International Cooperation Agency.

Williamson S.J., Stark B.H., and Booker J.D., 2014. Low head pico hydro turbine selection using a multi-criteria analysis. Renewable Energy 61: 43–50. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.06.020.

Haidar A.M.A., Senan M.F.M., Noman A., and Radman, T., 2012. Utilization of pico hydro generation in domestic and commercial loads. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16(1): 518–524.

Febriansyah D., Budiarso, Warjito, Watanabe K., and Adanta D., 2018. Storage system manufacturability, portability and modularity for a pico hydro turbine. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 2(2): 209–214.

Badan Pusat Statistik Republik Indonesia (Agency of Central Statistics Republic of Indonesia) - Lahat District. Kecamatan Pseksu Dalam Angka 2019 (Pseksu Sub - District in Number 2019), Publication No. 16040.1907, Lahat, 2019. Cat. ID:1102001.1604122.

Widyatmanti W., Wicaksono I., and Syam P.D.R., 2016. Identification of topographic elements composition based on landform boundaries from radar interferometry segmentation (Preliminary study on digital landform mapping) in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 37( 1): 12008. doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/37/1/012008.

Abe S., Van Gent H., and Urai J.L., 2011. DEM simulation of normal faults in cohesive materials. Tectonophysics 512(1–4): 12–21.

Khajavi N., Quigley M., and Langridge R.M., 2014. Influence of topography and basement depth on surface rupture morphology revealed from LiDAR and field mapping, Hope Fault, New Zealand. Tectonophysics 630: 265–284. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2014.05.032.

Meixner J., Grimmer J.C., Becker A., Schill E., and Kohl T., 2018. Comparison of different digital elevation models and satellite imagery for lineament analysis: Implications for identification and spatial arrangement of fault zones in crystalline basement rocks of the Southern Black Forest (Germany). Journal of Structural Geology 108: 256–268. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2017.11.006.

Malczewski J. and C. Rinner, 2015. Multicriteria decision analysis in geographic information science. Springer.

Barelli L., Liucci L., Ottaviano A., and Valigi D., 2013. Mini-hydro: A design approach in case of torrential rivers energy. Energy 58: 695-706.

Saaty T.L., 2008. Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Services Sciences 1(1): 83–98.

Signe E.B.K., Hamandjoda O., and Nganhou J., 2017. The methodology of feasibility studies of micro-hydro power plants in Cameroon: Case of the micro-hydro of KEMKEN. Energy Procedia 119: 17–28.

Bieniawski Z.T., 1989. Engineering rock mass classifications: A complete manual for engineers and geologists in mining, civil, and petroleum engineering. John Wiley & Sons.

Nicieza C.G., Fernández M.I.Á., Díaz A.M., and Vigil A.E.Á., 2006. Modification of rock failure criteria considering the RMR caused by joints. Computers and Geotechnics 33(8): 419–431.

Chen J., Li X., Zhu H., and Rubin Y., 2017. Geostatistical method for inferring RMR ahead of tunnel face excavation using dynamically exposed geological information. Engineering Geology 228: 214–223.

Johansson M. and T. O’Doherty, 2017. Feasibility of micro-hydro schemes in South Glamorgan, Wales. Energy Procedia 142: 309–314.

Faqih A., 2017. A statistical bias correction tool for generating climate change scenarios in Indonesia Based on CMIP5 datasets. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 58(1): 12051.

Harinaldi and Budiarso, 2015. Sistem Fluida (Prinsip Dasar dan Penerapan Mesin Fluida, Sistem hidrolik dan Sistem Pnuematik). Jakarta: Erlangga.

Nechleba M., 1957. Hydraulic Turbines, Their Design, and Equipment.

Gladstone S., Tersigni V., Francfort K., and Haldeman J. A., 2014. Implementing pico-hydropower sites in rural Rwanda. Procedia Engineering 78: 279–286.

Adanta D., Budiarso, Warjito, and Mahlia T.M.I., 2019. Investigation of the effect of gaps between the blades of open flume pico hydro turbine runners. Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 13(3): 5493–5512. doi: https://doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.3.2019.18.0444.

Nasution S.B., Budiarso, Warjito, and Adanta D., 2018. A comparison of openflume turbine designs with specific speeds (Ns) based on power and discharge functions. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 51: 53–60.

Siswantara A.I., Budiarso, Prakoso A.P., Gunadi G.G.R., Warjito, and Adanta D., 2018. Assessment of turbulence model for cross-flow pico hydro turbine numerical simulation. CFD Letters 10: 38–48.

Mockmore C.A. and F. Merryfield, 1949. The Banki water-turbine, vol. 25, no. February. Engineering Experiment Station (unpublished). Oregon State System of Higher Education, Oregon State College Corvallis, Ore, USA.

Sammartano V., Aricò C., Carravetta A., Fecarotta O., and Tucciarelli T., 2013. Banki-Michell optimal design by computational fluid dynamics testing and hydrodynamic analysis. Energies 6(5): 2362–2385.