An Optimised Hybrid Biomass Combined Cycle with Integrated Solar Thermal System

Ayokunle Ayeleso, Atanda Raji

Abstract


In recent years, renewable sources of energy have become an encouraging solution to the environmental and availability problems arising from using fossil fuels for power generation. In the present study, solar and biomass (sawdust) are incorporated into large-scale gas and steam turbines to form a resourceful and efficient system. Furthermore, two hybrid configurations (fuel economy and energy boosting modes) of the proposed combined system are modelled using the Cycle Tempo software. The system’s performances reveal that at 9 bar inlet pressure, the net power, energy and exergy efficiencies generated in the fuel economy mode (49 MWe, 61%, and 55%) and energy boosting mode (51 MWe, 64% and 57%) are significantly higher than those obtained in the standard biomass combined cycle system without solar fields (28 MWe, 35% and 31%). Moreover, the addition of solar energy brings about an increment of around 21 MWe in the fuel economy mode and 23 MWe in the energy boosting mode. The exergy transmitted from the fuel economy and energy boosting modes also yields greater GT combustor efficiency (89%) than the standard mode (79%). The proposed hybrid system through the incorporated clean energy offers better performance and could serve as an alternative to existing fossil fuel plants.

Keywords


Biomass; Energy and exergy efficiencies; Gas turbine; Solar energy; Steam turbine

Full Text:

PDF

References


Gorjian S., Zadeh B.N., Eltrop L., Shamshiri R.R. and Amanlou Y., 2019. Solar photovoltaic power generation in Iran: Development, policies, and barriers. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 106: 110-123.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.02.025

Quaschning V.V., 2019. Renewable energy and climate change; 2nd ed. USA: John Wiley & Sons. DOI: 10.1002/9781119514909

Chattopadhyay S. and Ghosh S., 2018. Feasibility study of a biomass gasification based combined power and cooling plant for an off-grid village. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, volume 377, International Conference on Mechanical, Materials and Renewable Energy. Sikkim, India, June. IOP Publishing Ltd. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/377/1/012003

Lauri P., Havlik P., Kindermann G.E., Forsell N., Bottcher H. and Obersteiner M., 2014. Woody biomass energy potential in 2050. Energy Policy 66: 19-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.11.033

Barman N.S., Ghosh S. and De S., 2012. Gasification of biomass in a fixed-bed downdraft gasifier-A realistic model including tar. Bioresource Technology 107: 505-511. DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.124

Zainal Z.A., Ali R., Lean C.H. and Seetharamu K.N., 2001. Prediction of performance of a downdraft gasifier using equilibrium modelling for different biomass materials. Energy Conversion and Management 42: 1499–1515. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(00)00078-9

Srinivas T., Reddy B.V. and Gupta AVSSKS., 2009. Thermodynamic equilibrium model and exergy analysis of a biomass gasifier. Journal of Energy Resources Technology 131: 031801.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3185354

Mendiburu A.Z., Carvalho JA. Jr. and Coronado C.J.R., 2014. Thermochemical equilibrium modelling of biomass downdraft gasifier: stoichiometric models. Energy 66: 189–201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.11.022

Puig-Arnavat M., Bruno J.C. and Coronas A., 2014. Modelling of trigeneration configurations based on biomass gasification and comparison of performance. Applied Energy 114: 845–856.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.09.013

Paisley M.A. and Welch M.J., 2003. Biomass gasification combined cycle opportunities using the future energy SilvaGas® gasifier coupled to Alstom’s industrial gas turbines”, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Turbo Expo 1: 211–217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2003-38294

Ghosh S., 2017. Biomass-based distributed energy systems: opportunities and challenges. In Gautam A, De S., Dhar A., Gupta JG., Pandey A., ed. Sustainable energy and transportation: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Singapore: Springer, pp. 235–252.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7509-4_13

Sukhatme S.P. and Nayak J.K., 2008. Solar energy: principles of thermal collection and storage; 3rd ed; India: Tata Mc-Graw Hill Publication: 1- 431.

Poživil P., Aga V., Zagorskiy A. and Steinfeld A., 2014. A pressurized air receiver for solar-driven gas turbines. Energy Procedia 49: 498–503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.03.053

Kalogirou S.A., 2011. Concentrating solar power plants for electricity and desalinated water production. World Renewable Energy Congress, Linkoping, Sweden, 8-13 May. DOI: 10.3384/ecp110573881

Zhang H.L., Baeyens J., Degrève J. and Cacères G., 2013. Concentrated solar power plants: Review and design methodology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 22: 466-481.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.01.032

Malan K.J., 2014. A Heliostat Field Control System. Master of Engineering Dissertation (unpublished), Stellenbosch University.

Augsburger G., Das A.K., Boschek E. and Clark, M.M., 2016. Thermo-Mechanical and Optical Optimization of the Molten Salt Receiver for a Given Heliostat Field. SolarPACES Conference proceedings. Cape Town, South Africa, 13–16 October 2015. USA: AIP Publishing LLC.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4949057

Wallentinsen B.S., 2016. Concentrated Solar Power Gas Turbine Hybrid with Thermal Storage, Master Thesis (unpublished). Norwegian University of Science and Technology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.02.017

Hischier I., Hess D., Lipiński W., Modest M. and Steinfeld A., 2009. Heat Transfer Analysis of a Novel Pressurized Air Receiver for Concentrated Solar Power via Combined Cycles. Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications 1: 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4001259

Ho C.K., Khalsa S.S. and Siegel N.P., 2009. Modelling on-sun tests of a prototype solid particle receiver for concentrating solar power processes and storage. Proceedings of ES2009 Energy Sustainability. San Francisco California, USA, 19-23 July. USA: ASME’s Publishing.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/ES2009-90035

Vogel W., 2010. Large-scale solar thermal power: technologies, costs, and development; 2nd ed. Germany: Wiley-VCH.

Augsburger G., 2013. Thermo-economic optimisation of large solar tower power plants, Doctoral Thesis (unpublished), École Polytechnique Federale de Laussane. DOI:10.5075/epfl-thesis-5648

Behar O., Khellaf A. and Mohammedi, K., 2013. A review of studies on central receiver solar thermal power plants”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 23: 12–39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.02.017

Ho C.K., and Iverson B.D. 2014. Review of high temperature central receiver designs for concentrating solar power. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 29: 835-846. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.099

EL Hassani S.E., Ouali H.A.L., Raillani B., Moussaoui M.A., Mezrhab A. and Amraqui S., 2020. Thermal Performance of Solar Tower Using Air as Heat Transfer Fluid under MENA Region Climate. 5th International Conference on Renewable Energies for Developing Countries (REDEC), Marrakech, Morocco, 29-30 June. USA: IEEE Publishing.

DOI: 10.1109/REDEC49234.2020.9163893

Buck R., Bra¨uning T., Denk T., Pfa¨nder M., Schwarzbo¨zl, P. and Tellez F., 2002. Solar-hybrid gas turbine-based power tower systems (REFOS). Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 124: 2–9.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1445444

Heller P., Pfänder M., Denk, T., Tellez, F., Valverde A., Fernandez, J. and Ring A., 2006. Test and Evaluation of a 1 Solar Powered Gas Turbine System. Solar Energy 80: 1225 –1230.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2005.04.020

Garcia P., Ferriere A., Flamant G., Costerg P., Soler R. and Gagnepain B., 2008. Solar field efficiency and electricity generation estimations for a hybrid solar gas turbine project in France. Journal of Solar Energy 82: 189–197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2807211

Jabbar M.Q., 2014. Improvement of performance operation and cycle efficiency of Al Anbar combined power plant. Annual Conference of the Faculty of Power Engineering and Power Machines, Bulgaria.

Camporeale S., Pantaleo A., Ciliberti P. and Fortunato B., 2015. Cycle configuration analysis and techno-economic sensitivity of biomass externally fired gas turbine with bottoming ORC. Energy Conversion and Management 105: 1239–1250. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.08.069

Saghafifar, M. and Gadalla M., 2016. Thermo-economic analysis of conventional combined cycle hybridization: United Arab Emirates case study. Energy Conversion and Management 111: 358–74. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.12.016

Mondal P. and Ghosh S., 2016. Externally fired biomass gasification-based combined cycle plant: exergo-economic analysis. International Journal of Exergy 20: 496-516. DOI: 10.1504/IJEX.2016.078097

Mondal P., and Ghosh S., 2017.Exergo-economic analysis of a 1-MW biomass-based combined cycle plant with externally fired gas turbine cycle and supercritical organic Rankine cycle”, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy volume 19: 1475–1486.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-017-1344-y

. Pantaleo A.M., Camporeale S.M., Sorrentino A., Miliozzi A., Shah N. and Markides C.N. 2017. Solar/biomass hybrid cycles with thermal storage and bottoming ORC: System integration and economic analysis. Energy Procedia 129: 724-731. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.09.105

Pantaleo A.M., Camporeale S.M., Sorrentino A., Miliozzi A., Shah N. and Markides C.N., 2020. Hybrid solar-biomass combined Brayton/organic Rankine-cycle plants integrated with thermal storage: Techno-economic feasibility in selected Mediterranean areas. Renewable Energy 147: 2913–293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.022

Morrone P., Algieri A. and Castiglione T., 2019. Hybridisation of biomass and concentrated solar power systems in transcritical organic Rankine cycles: A micro combined heat and power application. Energy Conversion Management 180: 757-768.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2018.11.029

Chattopadhyay S. and Ghosh, S., 2020. Thermo-economic assessment of a hybrid tri-generation system making simultaneous use of biomass and solar energy. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 42: 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-020-02641-7

Khanmohammadi S., Atashkari K. and Kouhikamali R., 2015. Exergoeconomic multi-objective optimization of an externally fired gas turbine integrated with a biomass gasifier. Applied Thermal Engineering 91: 848-859. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.08.080

Liu Q., Bai Z., Wang X., Lei J. and Jin H., 2016. Investigation of thermodynamic performances for two solar-biomass hybrid combined cycle power generation systems. Energy Conversion Management 122: 252–262. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2016.05.080

Manente G., 2016. High performance integrated solar combined cycles with minimum modifications to the combined cycle power plant design. Energy Conversion and Management 111: 186-197.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.12.079

Buck R., Giuliano S. and Uhlig R., 2017. Central tower systems using the Brayton cycle. Advances in Concentrating Solar Thermal Research and Technology, (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2017): 353–382. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100516-3.00016-2

Ayeleso A.O. and Raji A.K., 2021. An Enhanced Solar Hybrid Brayton and Rankine Cycles with Integrated Magnetohydrodynamic Conversion System for Electrical Power Generation. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10: 755-767. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.34927

Altafini C.R., Wander P.R. and Barreto R.M., 2003. Prediction of the working parameters of a wood waste gasifier through an equilibrium model. Energy Conversion and Management 44: 2763–3277. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-8904(03)00025-6

Fortunato B., Brunetti G., Camporeale S.M., Torresi M. and Fornarelli F., 2017. Thermodynamic model of a downdraft gasifier. Energy Conversion and Management 140: 281–294. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.02.061

Fortunato, B. Camporeale S.M., Torresi M., Fornarelli F., Brunetti, G. and Pantaleo A.M., 2016. A Combined power plant fuelled by syngas produced in a downdraft gasifier. In Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. Seoul, South Korea, 13-17 June 2016. USA: ASME’s Publishing LLC. DOI: 10.1115/GT2016-58159

Soltani S., Mahmoudi SMS., Yari M. and Rosen M.A., 2013. Thermodynamic analyses of an externally fired gas turbine combined cycle integrated with a biomass gasification plant. Energy Conversion and Management 70: 107-115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.03.002

Landau L., Moran M.J., Shapiro H.N., Boettner D.D. and Bailey M., 2018. Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics; 9th ed. USA: John Wiley & Sons, New York.

Datta A., Ganguly R. and Sarkar L., 2010. Energy and exergy analyses of an externally fired gas turbine (EFGT) cycle integrated with biomass gasifier for distributed power generation. Energy 35: 341–50.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2009.09.031

Gholamian E., Mahmoudi S.M.S. and Zare V., 2016. Proposal, exergy analysis and optimization of a new biomass-based cogeneration system. Applied Thermal Engineering 93: 223-235, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.09.095

Oyedepo S.O., Fagbenle R.O. and Adefila S.S., 2017. Modelling and assessment of effect of operation parameters on gas turbine power plant performance using first and second laws of thermodynamics”, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 10: 412–430.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2017.412.430

Rahman M.M., Ibrahim T.K., Kadirgama K., Mamat R. and Bakar R.A., 2011. Influence of operation conditions and ambient temperature on performance of gas turbine power plant. Advanced Materials Research 189-193: 3007–3013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.189-193.3007

Kayabasßı E., Furtun F. and Özkaymak M., 2017. Investigation of Heat Recovery and Saving Potential of Hot Stoves in Blast Furnaces Investigation of Heat Recovery and Saving Potential of Hot Stoves in Blast Furnaces. 3rd Iron and Steel Symposium (UDCS’17). Karabük, Turkey, 3-5 April 2017. Karabük University. http://indexive.com/Paper/2160/investigation-of-heat-recovery-and-saving-potential-of-hot-stoves-in-blast-furnaces (accessed 10 November 2020)

Kadhim H.J., Kadhim T.J. and Alhwayzee M.H., 2019. A Comparative Study of Performance of Al-Khairat Gas Turbine Power Plant for Different Types of Fuel. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 671, 3rd International Conference on Engineering Sciences. Kerbala, Iraq, 4-6 November 2019. IOP Publishing Ltd. DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/671/1/012015

Moran M. and Shapiro H., 2010. Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics; 6th ed. Wiley India Pvt. Limited. ISBN: 978-1-119-39138-8.

Kiameh, P., 2002. Power generation handbook: selection, applications, operation, and maintenance; 1st ed. New York, McGraw-Hill.

Tchanche B.F., Loonis, P., Petrissans M. and Ramenah H., 2013. Organic Rankine cycle systems Principles, opportunities and challenges. In: Microelectronics (ICM), 25th International Conference on Microelectronics, Beirut, 15-18 December 2013. IEEE Publishing LLC.

DOI: 10.1109/icm.2013.6735014

Nurhilal O., Mulyana C., Suhendi N. and Sapdiana D., 2016. The simulation of organic Rankine cycle power plant with n-pentane working fluid. AIP Conference Proceedings 1712. Jatinangor, Indonesia, 2–3 September 2015. AIP Publishing LLC. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4941880

Rajesh R. and Kishore P.S., 2018. Thermal Efficiency of Combined Cycle Power Plant”, International Journal of Engineering and Management 8: 229–234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.8.3.30

Solgate Report, Ormat, Ciemat, Dlr, Solucar, Tuma. Solar hybrid gas turbine electric power system, 2005. ISBN 92-894-4592-0.

Petrakopoulou F., Sánchez-Delgado S., Marugán-Cruz C., and Santana, D., 2017. Improving the efficiency of gas turbine systems with volumetric solar receivers. Energy Conversion and Management 149: 579–592. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2017.07.058

Aldali Y. and Morad K., 2016. Numerical simulation of the integrated solar/North Benghazi combined power plant. Applied Thermal Engineering 108: 785-792. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.07.178

Ahmad A.D., Abubaker A.M., Najjar Y.S.H., and Manaserh, Y.M.A. 2020. Power boosting of a combined cycle power plant in Jordan: An integration of hybrid inlet cooling & solar systems. Energy Conversion and Management 214: 112894. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112894